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What is a Thyroid Nodule?
A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth in the thyroid gland. This growth can be very small or it can be large enough to cause physical discomfort and unwanted symptoms. Some people do not even know they have thyroid nodules as they may not cause any symptoms. However, if left untreated, large nodules can cause complications and interfere with thyroid hormone production.
What Causes Thyroid Nodules?
The exact cause of thyroid nodules is not always known, however a few potential causes include:
- Iodine deficiency
- Autoimmune diseases
- Thyroid nodules can be due to cysts, benign tumors, and tumors that are cancerous
- Hashimoto’s disease
- Exposure to radiation such as radiation therapy
- Genetic inherited conditions
- Infections of the thyroid such as tuberculosis
What Are the Symptoms of Thyroid Nodules?
Some thyroid nodules may not cause any symptoms, whereas others can produce the following symptoms:
- Pain in front of the neck or at the base of your throat
- Hoarseness
- Problems with swallowing or breathing
- Lump in the front of your neck
- Trouble speaking or moving parts or all of your face
- Swelling of the neck
- Cough
Risk Factors for Development of Thyroid Nodules
There are several factors that may increase a person’s risk of developing thyroid nodules. These include:
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Little or no exposure to iodine, thyroid nodule
Women are more likely to develop thyroid nodules than men
Age – Developing thyroid nodules is more common in older people
Family History – People with a family history of thyroid nodules are more likely to develop them
Diagnosing and Treating Thyroid Nodules
Diagnosing thyroid nodules typically involves an ultrasound of the thyroid gland, a biopsy, and/or a physical exam. Your doctor may recommend treatment if the nodule is large or if it is interfering with the production of thyroid hormones. Treatment for thyroid nodules may include medications, hormone therapy, radiation, or surgery.
It is important to speak to your doctor if you experience any of the symptoms associated with thyroid nodules. Your doctor can help you understand your diagnosis and work with you to create a treatment plan that suits your needs.
Key Points
- A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth in the thyroid gland.
- The exact cause of a thyroid nodule is not always known, but potential causes can include iodine deficiency and autoimmune diseases.
- Symptoms of thyroid nodules can include a lump in the front of the neck, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing.
- Risk factors for developing thyroid nodules include age, gender, family history, and little or no exposure to iodine.
- Diagnosis typically involves an ultrasound, biopsy, or physical exam and treatment can include medications, hormone therapy, or surgery.
