When it comes to discussing matters of fertility, it is important to consider male fertility and understand sperm production and health. Male fertility depends on their reproductive organs to produce sperm – the male gamete – although some problems can impair sperm production. Knowing how sperm production works and understanding some of the risks associated with poor reproductive health can help couples who are trying to conceive.
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Types of Sperm Production
The two parts of the male reproductive system that are responsible for sperm production are the testicles and the epididymis. The testicles are responsible for taking sperm cells and turning them into mature spermatids which go on to become motile sperm cells. The epididymis is responsible for storing and maturing the sperm so that it can be released during ejaculation. Sperm production takes about 74 days with the average ejaculate containing about 280 million sperm.
Factors that Impair Sperm Production
Although sperm production is a largely autonomous process, there are some factors that can impair it. Some of the most common reasons include:
Hormonal Imbalances
Hormonal imbalances can disrupt the normal function of the reproductive system, making it difficult for sperm to be produced or mature properly. These imbalances can be caused by conditions such as diabetes or thyroid disorders.
Infections & Other Disorders
Infections such as Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other STDs can also impair sperm production. Other disorders such as varicoceles, an enlarged vein in the testicles, can also impede sperm production.
Toxins & Medications
Exposure to toxins and some types of medications can also be problematic when it comes to sperm production. Chemicals, pesticides, and lead are all substances that can contribute to impaired fertility. In addition, some types of medications, such as some types of antibiotics and cholesterol-lowering drugs, can have an effect on sperm production.
Lifestyle Choices
Your lifestyle choices can also have an impact on fertility. Excessive consumption of alcohol and smoking can both affect sperm production. Being overweight or obese can also be a contributing factor, as well as engaging in activities that increase the temperature of the testicles.
Improving Male Fertility and Sperm Health
Fortunately, there are steps men can take to improve their fertility and sperm health. Eating a balanced diet and staying active are a good first step. Regular exercise helps to boost testosterone levels, which can help improve fertility. Avoiding tobacco products, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding exposure to toxins are also important. Additionally, wearing loose-fitting underwear can help to keep the testicles at a cooler temperature, which helps to improve sperm production.
Finally, if you are experiencing any issues with sperm production and fertility, it is important to seek medical assistance.
